Anatomia e Funções da Pele

Opening of sweat duct Hair shaft Dermal papillae Subcutaneous fat Arrector pili muscle Hair follicle Sebaceous gland Eccrine sweat duct Eccrine sweat gland Thin hairy skin Elongation of the papillae Inflammatory cells in the dermis Funções da Pele Barreira contra agentes físicos químicos e biológicos ao meio ambiente Informação Imunológica Homeostase regula temperatura corporal e a perda de água Informação sensorial Funções endócrinas Excreção Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum of Malpighi Stratum basale Dermal papilla 0 day 2 days 10 days 1 day mitosis 14 days 1 day mitosis 16 days 15 days keratinocyte 1 day mitosis 19 days 15 days keratinocyte 1 day mitosis 23 days 8 days corneocyte 15 days keratinocyte 1 day mitosis 24 days Cell envelope Lipid extrusion Filaggrin granule Keratins 2e and 9 Lamellar body Keratins 1 and 10 Melanosome Keratins 5 and 14 Stem cell mitotically dividing cell Hemidesmosome Desmosome Keratins intermediate filaments Tipos celulares Queratinócitos queratina Melanócitos melanina Células de Langerhans APC Células de Merkel tato Epiderme Epitélio estratificado pavimentoso queratinizado Queratinócitos 35 estratos ou camadas Estratos ou camadas 35 5 Córnea 4 Lúcida 3 Granulosa 2 Espinhosa 1 Basal Epiderme Psoriasis is a chronic epidermaldermal disease characterized by 1 Persistent hyperplasia of the epidermis by abnormal cell proliferation 2 Abnormal microcirculation in the dermis capillary plexus Melanocytes originate in the neural crest and are visible from the 8th embryonic week Melanocytes are the first cell to arrive in the epidermis The cell body is located in the stratum basale Cytoplasmic extensions of one melanocyte establish contact with about 36 keratinocytes forming an epidermalmelanin unit Langerhans cells interact with keratinocytes by the expression of Ecadherins on their surface Langerhans cells ingest antigens by phagocytosis after binding to cell surface receptors Langerhans cells leave the epidermis enter the lymphatic system and are transported to a lymph node to become dendritic cells In the lymph node Langerhans cells become dendritic cells expressing MHC class I and MHC class II cell surface molecules and costimulatory B7 molecules Activated dendritic cells stimulate T cells Melanócitos Síntese da melanina aa tirosina DOPA Tirosinase melanossomos DOPA quinona Tirosinase Melanina Bronzeamento aa tirosina DOPA Tirosinase melanossomos DOPA quinona Tirosinase Melanina Luz UV Escurecimento Protetor Solar Melanócitos Albinismo tirosina DOPA DOPA quinona Melanina VITILIGO Caracterizase pela perda dos melanócitos DERME Derme papilar Derme reticular Acne Acne vulgar grau I Acne vulgar grau II Acne vulgar grau III Acne vulgar grau IV Acne vulgar grau V Pêlo Pêlo Pêlo Glândula Sebácea Pêlo e Glândula Sebácea Glândulas sudoríparas Glândulas sudoríparas Apocrine sweat glands are found in the axilla circumanal region and in the mons pubis The coiled region of apocrine glands is larger 3 mm in diameter than that of the eccrine sweat glands 04 mm in diameter Apocrine sweat glands are located in the dermis and the excretory duct opens into the canal of the hair follicle The secretory cells are cuboid and associated with myoepithelial cells at their basal surfaceas in the eccrine sweat glands The secretory activity starts at puberty Their secretion acquires a conspicuous odor after being modified by local bacteria Although called apocrinebecause of the incorrect interpretation that the apical domain of the secretory cells is shed during secretionthese sweat glands release their secretion by a merocrine process The proximal nail fold is covered by an epitheliumthe eponychiumwhich contributes to the formation of the superficial layer of the nail plate The cuticle is the thick corneal layer of the eponychium extending on the dorsal surface of the nail plate The cuticle protects the base of the nail plate in particular the germinative matrix The hyponychium represents the union between the nail bed and the nail plate at the fingertip Its function is to render the nail bed impermeable for protection purposes If this structure is disrupted fungal invasion produces onychomycosis The nail bed forms the bed or ventral surface of the nail plate The nail plate is formed by the flattening of the epidermal cells nuclear fragmentation and condensation of the cytoplasm to form horny flat cells The stratum granulosum is not present Normal nail growth is about 0112 mm per day Fingernails grow faster than toenails Nail growth is altered in several diseases for example hyperthyroidism Nail Plate Eponychium Keratin Nail Bed Nail Root Nail Groove Perichondrium Hyaline Cartilage